Multiplication And Division 1

In this article, we will be learning about Multiplication and Division.

• Understanding Multiplication

Topic Recap: 

Understanding multiplication as repeated addition / equal grouping

• We multiply by putting equal groups together. Equal groups contain the same number of objects.
• To multiply, we use repeated addition or multiplication to find the total number of objects.
  For example:
  \(2 + 2 + 2 = 6\) or \(2 \times 3 = 6\). 
• We can write a multiplication equation in the following way:

Example:

Question 1:

Look at the following picture.

A. There are __________ equal groups.

1. \(4\)     
2. \(2\)     
3. \(8\)

Answer:

(1) \(4\)

B. Each group has __________ cupcakes.

1. \(4\)
2. \(2\)
3. \(8\)

Answer:

(2) \(2\)

C. Which of the following best represents the picture above?

1. \(2\) groups of \(4\).
2. \(2\) fours
3.  \(4\) groups of \(2\).
4. \(​4 + 4 ​\)

Answer:

(3)   \(4\) groups of \(2\).
 

Question 2: 

How many stars are there altogether?

1. \(9\)
2. \(11\)
3. \(21\)
4. \(24\)

Solution: 

\(\begin{align}​​ 8 + 8 + 8 &= 24 \\[2ex] 3 \times 8 &= 24 \end{align}\)

Answer:

(4) \(24\)

Question 3: 

How many bananas are there altogether?

1. \(9\)
2. \(16\)
3. \(20\)
4. \(25\)

Solution: 

\(\begin{align}​​ 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 20 \\[2ex] 4 \times 5 = 20 \end{align}\)

Answer:

(3) \(20\)

Question 4:

Which of the following equations does not represent the following?

1. \(5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 = 30\)
2. \(6 \text{ fives} = 30\)
3. \(6 \times 5 = 30\)
4. \(5 \times 5 \times 5 \times 5 \times 5 \times 5 = 30\)

Answer:

(4) \(5 \times 5 \times 5 \times 5 \times 5 \times 5 = 30\)

1. Understanding Multiplication

To write a multiplication equation, we need to know the number of groups and the number of items in each group. We can then write the multiplication equation in the following way:

To find the total number of pencils in the picture given, we multiply

\(10\) by \(2\). This means that a group of \(10\) is multiplied \(2\) times.

\(10 \times 2 = 20\)

We can also multiply \(2\) by \(10\). 

\(2 \times 10 = 20\)

‘\(10 \times 2\)’ and ‘\(2 \times 10\)’ have the same values.

Question 1:

Look at the picture below.

A. Choose the correct option to represent the following statement: 

     Multiply \(6\) by \(3\). 

1. \(6 + 3\)
2. \(6 × 3\)

Answer:

(2) \(6 × 3\)

B. How many sandwiches are there in the picture above?

1. \(9\)
2. \(18\)

Solution: 

\(6 × 3 = 18\)

Answer:

(2) \(18\)

Question 2: 

Which of the multiplication equations represents the following?

Multiply \(8\) by \(4\).

1. \(8 + 4 = 12\)
2. \(8 \times 4 = 32\)

Answer:

(2) \(8 \times 4 = 32\)

Question 3:

Which of the following sets of multiplication equations best represents the following?

1. \(5 \times 7 = 35\) and \(7 \times 5 = 35\)
2. \(5 \times 5 = 35\) and \(7 \times 5 = 35\)

Solution: 

There are \(7\) groups of \(5\) buttons each.  

Answer:

(1)  \(5 \times 7 = 35\) and \(7 \times 5 = 35\)

Question 4:

How many stickers are there altogether?

1. \(8\)
2. \(9\)
3. \(15\)
4. \(20\)

Solution: 

\(5 × 3 = 15\) or \(3 × 5 = 15\)

Answer:

(3) \(15\)

Question 5:

How many tigers are there altogether?

1. \(7\)
2. \(9\)
3. \(12\)
4. \(16\)

Solution: 

\(4 \times 3 = 12\)

Answer:

(3) \(12\)

Question 6:

How many doughnuts are there in all?

1. \(12\)
2. \(18\)
3. \(27\)
4. \(36\)

Solution: 

\(9 × 3 = 27\) or \(3 × 9 = 27\)

Answer:

(3) \(27 \)

Question 7: 

Look at the picture below.

A. How many jars are there?

1. \(3\)
2. \(4\)
3. \(5\)

Answer:

(2) \(4\)

B. Kelly puts 6 cookies in each jar. How many cookies are there altogether?

1. \(10\)
2. \(16\)
3. \(18\)
4. \(24\)

Solution: 

\(4 \times 6 = 24\) or \(6 \times 4 = 24\)

Answer:

(4) \(24\)

Question 8:

There are \(7\) mangoes in each basket. How many mangoes are there altogether?

1. \(10\)
2. \(18\)
3. \(21\)
4. \(28\)

Solution: 

\(7 × 3 = 21\) or \(3 × 7 = 21\)

Answer:

(3) \(21\)

Question 9:

Ashley collected some bottles for recycling. She put \(9\) bottles in each bag. How many recycled bottles did she collect in all?

1. \(14\)
2. \(25\)
3. \(40\)
4. \(45\)

Solution: 

\(5 × 9 = 45\) or \(9 × 5 = 45\)

Answer:

(4) \(45\)

Challenge Yourself!

Question 1: 

What is the missing number in the given multiplication equation?                                  

 \(5 \;\times\) __________ \(= 30\)

1. \(5\)
2. \(6\)
3. \(7\)
4. \(8\)

Solution: 

There are \(5\) groups with \(6\) ribbons each. 

\(5 \times 6 = 30\)

So, the missing number in the equation is \(6\).

Answer:

(2) \(6\)

Question 2:

What is the value of \(\text{A}\)?

\(10 \times \text{A} = 40\)

1. \(8\)
2. \(10\)
3. \(3\)
4. \(4\)

Solution: 

There are \(10\) turtles in each row. There are \(4\) rows.

\(10 \times 4 = 40\)

So, the value of \(\text{A}\) is \(4\).

Answer:

(4) \(4\)

In this article, we have learnt that:

• Multiplication is represented as ‘’\(\times\)'.
• When we multiply two numbers, say \(6\) by \(3\), it is written as \(6 \times 3\).
• The values of \(6 \times 3\) and \(3 \times 6\) are the same.